{"id":3058,"date":"2020-03-13T22:01:07","date_gmt":"2020-03-13T22:01:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yrmegard.net\/cms\/?page_id=3058"},"modified":"2023-08-15T12:51:34","modified_gmt":"2023-08-15T09:51:34","slug":"artikkel-kaldristpiste","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/et\/artiklid\/artikkel-kaldristpiste\/","title":{"rendered":"Ajalooline kaldristpiste. M\u00e4rkmed kanga\u00e4\u00e4rtel"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image blog-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/syon_cope.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-ThjjrfWo\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/syon_cope.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6776\" style=\"width:512px\" width=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/syon_cope.jpg 700w, https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/syon_cope-278x300.jpg 278w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Siioni keebi fragment, kus on n\u00e4ha alasid, mis on oletatavasti tikitud kas tavalises v\u00f5i kaldristpistes. Foto autor Galina Karputina.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Selle artikli aluseks on m\u00e4rkmed, mida tegin ajaloolise ristpiste n\u00e4idise loomise ajal. N\u00e4idis oli m\u00f5eldud vastamaks k\u00fcsimusele, millist ristpiste t\u00fc\u00fcpi on kasutatud <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/collections.vam.ac.uk\/item\/O93171\/the-syon-cope-cope-unknown\/\" target=\"_blank\">Siioni keebil<\/a>. Keebi p\u00f5hiosa on tikitud&nbsp;<em>opus anglicanum <\/em>tehnikas, kuid \u00e4\u00e4rtes, mida piltidel v\u00e4ga tihti ei n\u00e4e, meenutab tekstuur just kaldristpistetikandit. Keebi kirjeldustes mainitakse ristpistetikandit liiki t\u00e4psustamata.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Valmistatud n\u00e4idis mitte ainult ei andnud konkreetset vastust p\u00fcstitatud k\u00fcsimusele, vaid t\u00f5statas ka hulga teisi, sh tehnika praktiliste aspektide kohta. J\u00e4rgnev p\u00f5hineb minu kogemusel ning v\u00e4ikese uurimuse tulemustel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#materials\">Materjalid<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#technique\">Tehnika (pisted, tikandi pahupool, niidiotsad)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#colour\">V\u00e4rvivahetus<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#pattern\">Mustri loogika<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#motive\">Mustrielemendid<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#conclusion\">J\u00e4reldused<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"materials\">Materjalid<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00f5ik minule teadaolevad ajaloolised kaldristpiste n\u00e4ited on tikitud siidniitidega linasele kangale. Seal, kus kulunud tikandi alt kangas v\u00e4lja paistab, on v\u00f5imalik n\u00e4ha, et see on tavaliselt toimse koega, tihedusega 8 kuni 12 niiti cm kohta. Kanga tihedus peab olema \u00fchtlane, vastasel juhul m\u00f5jutab see tikandi kvaliteeti. Muuseumieksponaatidel n\u00e4eb ka seda, et pisted pole siledad; v\u00f5malik, et kasutati mitmekordseid tikkimisniite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oma n\u00e4idiste jaoks kasutasin segakoostisega kangast <em>basket weave<\/em> struktuuriga ja tihedusega 10 topeltniiti cm kohta. <em>Basket weave<\/em> oli valitud selle v\u00e4ga selge struktuuri p\u00e4rast. Siidniit on kedratud, 6 kordne. Tikitud on \u00fcle 2 topeltniidi. Niidikulu oli v\u00e4ga suur eelk\u00f5ige v\u00e4ga tiheda tikandi struktuuri t\u00f5ttu, aga ka \u00fche vea t\u00f5ttu, millest allpool ka juttu tuleb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"technique\">Tehnika<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kaldristpistet on v\u00f5imalik teha kahte moodi: kas nii, et pisted tikandi pahupoolel jooksevad ristpistereaga parallelselt v\u00f5i nii, et nad asetsevad rea suhtes risti. Pole v\u00e4listatud, et \u00fchel tikandil v\u00f5isid kasutusel olla m\u00f5lemad variandid v\u00f5i et tikkija valis lihtsalt endale mugavama tikkimisviisi. Avalikult k\u00e4ttesaadavatel fotodel ajalooliste tikandite tagak\u00fclgedest v\u00f5ib leida nii kohti, kus k\u00f5ik pisted on omavahel paralleelsed, kui ka neid kohti, kus pisted asetsevad erinevalt. Kuna pole v\u00f5imalust v\u00f5rrelda neid konkreetseid kohti tikandi esik\u00fcljega, pole ka v\u00f5imalik teha mingeid j\u00e4reldusi. Kindel on aga see, et \u00fchelgi n\u00e4itel pole siiani \u00f5nnestunud leida pahupoolel diagonaalseid \u00fcle \u00fche rea ulatuvaid pisteid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery alignright has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full blog-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/article_01_cross_02_sample_dark.gif\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-ThjjrfWo\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"458\" height=\"465\" data-id=\"6778\" src=\"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/article_01_cross_02_sample_dark.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6778\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full blog-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/article_01_cross_03_sample_light.gif\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-ThjjrfWo\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"458\" height=\"465\" data-id=\"6777\" src=\"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/article_01_cross_03_sample_light.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6777\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ajalooliste tikandite pahupoole kvaliteet erineb olulisel m\u00e4\u00e4ral. On selliseid t\u00f6id, millede tagak\u00fcljed meenutavad varesepesa, kus k\u00f5ik on omavahel sassis. T\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt oli selline tikand m\u00f5eldud teise kanga peale \u00f5mblemiseks \u2013 lisaks esteetilise v\u00e4\u00e4rtuse puudumisele suurendavad sassis niidid riski kallis t\u00f6\u00f6 \u00e4ra rikkuda. Teine osa tikandeid \u00fcllatab \u00fclikorralike tagak\u00fclgedega, kust ei leia ei niidiotsi ega \u00fcleminekuid. Need j\u00e4\u00e4vad k\u00f5ik tikandi \u00f5igele poolele, kuna kaldristpiste tekitab v\u00e4ga tiheda strutuuri ning selle alla saab niidiotsad kenasti \u00e4ra peita. Ka sileda siidniidi otsad p\u00fcsivad pistete all h\u00e4sti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kui t\u00f6\u00f6 k\u00e4igus on vaja teha diagonaalset \u00fcleminekut, saab seda samuti teha esik\u00fcljel \u00fche rea alt teise alla, kuna ristpiste kaldpisted varjavad sellised \u00fcleminekud \u00e4ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"colour\">V\u00e4rvivahetus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Eksperimendi m\u00f5ttes katsetasin tikkimisn\u00e4idiste loomisel \u00e4ra kolme erinevat v\u00e4rvivahetuse varianti. \u00dcks nendest on selgelt vale, \u00fclej\u00e4\u00e4nud kaks on v\u00f5imalikud ning neid saab kasutada vastavalt mustri n\u00f5udmistele.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image blog-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"216\" height=\"168\" src=\"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cross-stitch-sample1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6779\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Esimene v\u00e4rvivahetuse viis, ilmselt vale<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Esimese v\u00e4rviga tikitud viimast ristpistet ei l\u00f5petata, viimane piste on l\u00fchike (foto vasakul). Teise v\u00e4rvi esimese pistega algaks nagu uus rida. Erinevat v\u00e4rvi niidid ei ristu. Nagu pildilt n\u00e4ha, j\u00e4tab tulemus soovida. Rea \u00fcldine d\u00fcnaamika on rikutud, kangas paistab pistete vahelt v\u00e4lja.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image blog-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"216\" height=\"168\" src=\"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cross-stitch-sample2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6780\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Teine v\u00e4rvivahetuse viis, v\u00f5imalik<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Esimese v\u00e4rvi viimane ristpiste l\u00f5peb mitte pika, vaid tavalise l\u00fchikese pistega (foto paremal). Teise v\u00e4rviga algaks justkui uus rida. Erinevat v\u00e4rvi niidid ei ristu. Selline v\u00e4rvivahetuse viis on analoogne v\u00e4rvivahetusele tavaristpistes. Rea d\u00fcnaamika on veidi rikutud, kuid selline \u00fcleminek n\u00e4eb v\u00e4lja loogiline ning l\u00f5petatud. Kangast pole praktiliselt n\u00e4ha, piir v\u00e4rvide vahel on selge ja konkreetne.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image blog-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"216\" height=\"168\" src=\"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cross-stitch-sample3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6781\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Kolmas v\u00e4rvivahetuse viis, v\u00f5imalik<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Esimese v\u00e4rvi viimane ristpiste l\u00f5peb tavap\u00e4raselt pika pistega. Teise v\u00e4rvi esimene ristpiste algab tavalise l\u00fchikese pistega, mis ristub eelmise pika pistega nagu j\u00e4tkaks rida sama v\u00e4rviga (foto vasakul). Rea d\u00fcnaamika s\u00e4ilib t\u00e4ielikult, kangas l\u00e4bi ei paista, v\u00e4rvi\u00fcleminek on pehmem kui eelmises variandis. Tikand tervikuna n\u00e4eb v\u00e4lja korralikkum, mis ei kinnita siis, et see just nii ajalooliselt tehtigi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neljas v\u00e4rvivahetuse viis: loe edasi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pattern\">Mustri loogika<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Suurim viga minu tikitud n\u00e4idistel on \u00fche levinuma mustriloogika p\u00f5him\u00f5tte rikkumine. Selle tulemusena kulus tikkimiseks oluliselt rohkem niiti ning t\u00f6\u00f6 v\u00e4ljan\u00e4gemine sai ajaloolistest n\u00e4idistest erinev. V\u00f5rreldes tavalise kaasaegse ristpistega, kus k\u00f5ik read ja pisted tehakse \u00fches suunas, kaldristpiste s\u00e4ilinud n\u00e4ited demonstreerivad hoopis vastupidist l\u00e4henemist. Paralleelsed read tikitakse kordam\u00f6\u00f6da \u00fches ja teises suunas, mis paistab kaasaegsele pilgule veidi tavatu, kuid hoiab niiti kokku. Just selle loogika rikkumise p\u00e4rast kuluski minu t\u00f6\u00f6s tinglikult 3,7 cm*19 (n\u00e4idise laius korda ridade arv)=70 sentimeetrit niiti rohkem! Tegelik \u00fclekulu on veidi v\u00e4iksem, kuid see on siiski arvestatav, kui vedada niiti pistete alt iga j\u00e4rgmise rea algusesse v\u00f5i siis suure t\u00f6\u00f6 puhul niit iga rea l\u00f5pus \u00e4ra l\u00f5igata ning rea alguses uuesti kinnitada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lisada tuleb ka seda, et tikitud read s\u00e4ilinud n\u00e4idistel ei ole kaugeltki alati paralleelsed, vaid v\u00f5ib n\u00e4ha kohti, kus erinevat v\u00e4rvi read on tikitud \u00fcksteise suhtes t\u00e4isnurga all. N\u00e4iteks, <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/previous.bildindex.de\/bilder\/MI07917f06a.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-ThjjrfWo\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">siin<\/a> ja <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/previous.bildindex.de\/bilder\/MI07906e07a.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-ThjjrfWo\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">siin<\/a> (m\u00f5lemad tikandid on hoiul Saksa Rahvusmuuseumis N\u00fcrnbergis). Viimasel fragmendil on veel \u00fcks huvitav detail: m\u00f5ned \u00fche v\u00e4rviga tikitud read teevad 90-kraadise p\u00f6\u00f6rde kui muster seda n\u00f5uab. Kuidas see keeramine tehniliselt teostati, pole hetkel selge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"motive\">Mustrielemendid<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image blog-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/wymark_helberstadt.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-ThjjrfWo\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/wymark_helberstadt.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6784\" style=\"width:512px\" width=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/wymark_helberstadt.jpg 564w, https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/wymark_helberstadt-300x219.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tikitud paela fragment Halberstadtist, foto p\u00e4rineb Timothy Mitchelli kodulehelt www.wymarc.com, samast kohast p\u00e4rineb n\u00e4idisteks kasutatud muster. 2019. aasta seisuga on foto algsest asukohast kadunud.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Kaldristpistes v\u00f5ib tikkida: t\u00e4hti (kirja), inimfiguure, heraldilisi elemente, taimornamenti ja geomeetrilist ornamenti. Tasub meeles pidada, et k\u00f5ik s\u00e4ilinud n\u00e4ited kaldristpistes tikanditest on \u00fchel v\u00f5i teisel moel seotud religiooni ja kirikuga \u2013 need kuuluvad kas kirikliku riietuse, kiriku kaunistuste v\u00f5i relikvaariumide juurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">J\u00e4reldused<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Minu tehtud n\u00e4idiste p\u00f5hjal ei saa paraku Siioni keebil kasutatud piste kohta \u00fchem\u00f5ttelisi j\u00e4reldusi teha. Kindlama vastuse saaks ilmselt keebi paremaid fotosid uurides &#8211; v\u00f5i ehk keepi ennast. Kuna mul selline v\u00f5imalus puudub, loetlen kokku seda, mida on v\u00f5imalik v\u00e4lja lugeda olemasolevatelt piltidelt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ristpiste read on t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt tikitud \u00fches suunas; m\u00f5ned read geomeetriliste figuuride ja teiste elementide sees v\u00f5ivad olla tikitud taustaga perpendikulaarselt;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>perpendikulaarsed read on need ainsad kohad, kus v\u00f5ib aimata patsitaolist struktuuri, mis on iseloomulik just kaldristpistele;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>siidniit, mida keebil kasutatud on, on v\u00e4ga mahuline ja teoreetiliselt v\u00f5ib peita seda \u00fclalmainitud patsitaolist struktuuri;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kui t\u00f6\u00f6versiooniks pidada kaldristepistet, siis v\u00e4rvivahetuse k\u00fcsimus j\u00e4\u00e4b lahtiseks, kuid selle artikli alguses toodud pildi j\u00e4rgi v\u00f5ib oletada teist v\u00e4rvivahetuse viisi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Paljud autorid, kes Siioni keepi oma tekstides mainivad, kirjutavad, et keebi \u00e4\u00e4r on tikitud ristpistes \u2013 kuid tehnikat\u00fc\u00fcpi pole kusagil t\u00e4psustatud. On vaid teada, et see \u00e4\u00e4r on keebi p\u00f5hiosast noorem, kuid t\u00e4pne dateering puudub.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse\">* <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.florilegium.org\/files\/TEXTILES\/p-x-stitch-art.html\" target=\"_blank\">Artikkel ristpiste ajaloost Florilegium.org lehel (inglise keeles)<\/a>\n*<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yrmegard.net\/treasury\/bookshelf\/embroidery_article_01_cross_stitch_est.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> Lae alla artikkel \"Ajalooline kaldristpiste. M\u00e4rkmed kanga\u00e4\u00e4rtel\" pdf formaadis.<\/a><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Selle artikli aluseks on m\u00e4rkmed, mida tegin ajaloolise ristpiste n\u00e4idise loomise ajal. N\u00e4idis oli m\u00f5eldud vastamaks k\u00fcsimusele, millist ristpiste t\u00fc\u00fcpi on kasutatud Siioni keebil. Keebi p\u00f5hiosa on tikitud&nbsp;opus anglicanum tehnikas, kuid \u00e4\u00e4rtes, mida piltidel v\u00e4ga tihti ei n\u00e4e, meenutab tekstuur just kaldristpistetikandit. Keebi kirjeldustes mainitakse&nbsp;<a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/et\/artiklid\/artikkel-kaldristpiste\/\">&hellip;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6776,"parent":2918,"menu_order":31,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-full.php","meta":{"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3058","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3058","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3058"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3058\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6932,"href":"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3058\/revisions\/6932"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2918"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yrmegard.net\/treasury\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3058"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}